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Intronic IL4 variant that forms part of the protective C-G-C haplotype (rs2243250–rs2227284–rs2243290); the C allele is associated with reduced asthma susceptibility, while the A allele tracks with the high-Th2 haplotype and increased atopic disease risk
Intronic MAPT variant whose T allele co-defines the H1c sub-haplotype, independently conferring OR 1.85 for progressive supranuclear palsy and OR 2.07 for corticobasal degeneration in the same meta-analysis validating rs242557
Near-complete loss-of-function CYP2B6 variant causing severely impaired metabolism of efavirenz, bupropion, methadone, and other CYP2B6 substrates
Missense/splicing variant in sepiapterin reductase that reduces BH4 biosynthesis to ~15% of normal, impairing dopamine and serotonin production; causes dopa-responsive dystonia in biallelic carriers
A regulatory 3' UTR variant in KCNJ11 that modulates KATP channel expression via microRNA binding, influencing insulin secretion and sulfonylurea drug response
Intronic variant in the ABCG1 cholesterol efflux transporter gene associated with differential HDL-cholesterol response during calorie-restricted dieting; G allele carriers preserve HDL-c more effectively, while AA homozygotes show greater HDL-c reduction when losing weight.
Intronic ATXN2 variant associated with primary open-angle glaucoma risk; T allele elevates odds of glaucoma by ~17% per copy
Intronic variant in the PTCSC2 lncRNA that alters a FOXE1 enhancer element, modulating thyroid gland development and hypothyroidism risk
Intronic variant in RAD50 on chromosome 5q31.1 that was the top GWAS hit for asthma at this locus (P=3.04×10⁻⁷); the G allele tags a regulatory haplotype in the Th2 locus control region and is associated with elevated serum IgE and susceptibility to asthma and atopic disease through amplified IL-4/IL-13 output
Regulatory variant in the 5' UTR of DDX39B (RNA helicase/mRNA export factor) that reduces DDX39B translation, impairing IL7R exon 6 inclusion and increasing soluble IL7R — the strongest known epistatic interaction in MS genetics