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Upstream promoter variant in fibrinogen beta chain that is associated with lower circulating fibrinogen and a modestly reduced risk of coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis
Functional 5' UTR variant in the FOXE1 thyroid transcription factor that increases papillary thyroid cancer risk by recruiting USF1/USF2 transcription factors to upregulate FOXE1 expression
Gain-of-function missense variant in the MDA5 viral RNA sensor, enhancing type I interferon production and increasing autoimmune disease risk
Intronic regulatory variant in angiotensinogen intron I that enhances HNF3β transcription factor binding, increases AGT expression, and raises blood pressure by 12–13 mmHg in transgenic models
Pathogenic missense variant in SERPING1 encoding C1-inhibitor; the Arg400Cys substitution disrupts protein folding and causes hereditary angioedema type 1 through C1-INH deficiency — heterozygous carriers develop recurrent angioedema attacks, while the rare homozygous state produces severe HAE with additional complement depletion
Intronic GWAS tag variant in the vitamin D binding protein gene, the strongest common genetic determinant of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels
Splice-region variant in MSH2 (c.2006-6T>C) located 6 bases upstream of exon 13 in the mismatch repair gene; the C allele is associated with altered mismatch repair expression and modestly elevated cancer prognosis signals across multiple tumour types; classified benign for Lynch syndrome
Protective missense variant that reduces MTARC1 protein stability, cutting hepatic fat accumulation and lowering risk of NAFLD, NASH, and liver-related death
Gain-of-function PCSK9 missense variant (Ser127Arg) causing autosomal dominant familial hypercholesterolemia through enhanced LDL receptor degradation; rare but highly penetrant, carriers have severely elevated LDL-C and premature coronary artery disease
Intronic variant in PIEZO1, the endothelial mechanosensory ion channel that senses blood flow shear stress; the G allele is associated with elevated varicose vein risk in genome-wide studies of over 800,000 individuals