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Regulatory tag variant in the Factor XII locus associated with plasma FXII activity levels and aPTT; the T allele tags lower Factor XII expression, which is paradoxically protective against arterial and venous thrombosis
Intronic pigmentation variant in SLC45A2 strongly associated with skin color, hair color, and tanning ability; the light-pigmentation allele increases sun sensitivity and melanoma risk
Intronic IL10 variant that reduces anti-inflammatory cytokine production, independently raising susceptibility to gut inflammation, H. pylori infection, and asthma severity
Missense variant in the TACI receptor's cysteine-rich ligand-binding domain that dominantly disrupts BAFF/APRIL signaling; the strongest non-HLA association with infection susceptibility and a known cause of common variable immunodeficiency and IgA deficiency
Most common pathogenic MUTYH variant; biallelic carriers develop MUTYH-Associated Polyposis with ~28-fold increased colorectal cancer risk, while heterozygous carriers have a modest CRC risk elevation (OR ~1.3)
Intronic SLC2A9 variant tagging the GLUT9 urate-transport locus; the C allele is markedly enriched in East Asian populations (~41%) compared to Europeans (~5%) and may influence SLC2A9 splicing, modestly elevating serum uric acid and gout risk via linkage with the broader SLC2A9 risk haplotype
Intronic STK39 variant that increases SPAK kinase expression, enhancing phosphorylation of renal sodium cotransporters NCC and NKCC2 and raising blood pressure through excess sodium reabsorption.
Pathogenic nonsense variant (Q359X) in KCNQ1 that truncates the IKs potassium channel, causing Long QT syndrome type 1 with markedly increased risk of life-threatening arrhythmias during exercise and emotional stress
Common missense variant in PCSK9 exon 12 where the rare G allele raises LDL cholesterol and increases coronary artery disease risk through enhanced LDLR degradation
Intronic variant in ABCB11 in strong linkage disequilibrium with G6PC2 regulatory SNPs; the A allele tags higher G6PC2 expression in pancreatic beta cells, elevating the fasting blood glucose set-point by ~0.065 mmol/L per allele