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Missense variant in SLC22A4 encoding the organic cation/ergothioneine transporter OCTN1; the T allele (503F) increases ergothioneine transport efficiency and forms part of the IBD5 two-locus TC risk haplotype associated with Crohn's disease and other inflammatory conditions; strongly enriched in Europeans
Intronic ALOX5AP variant in the HapA haplotype; the A allele is associated with elevated leukotriene production and increased leukotriene-mediated vascular inflammation, with population-specific associations with ischemic stroke and systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease
Intronic NR3C1 variant associated with longevity in Polish nonagenarians and centenarians; the C minor allele correlates with better survival rates and altered cholesterol metabolism
CHRNA3 synonymous variant in the nicotinic receptor gene cluster strongly associated with heavy smoking, nicotine dependence, lung cancer, and COPD, with independent effects in non-European populations
3'UTR variant in PPARD that acts as the third tag in the elite athlete haplotype (rs2267668/rs2016520/rs1053049); TC carriers show enhanced skeletal muscle glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity; the A/C/C haplotype containing this C allele is dramatically underrepresented in elite athletes
3'UTR variant in ADIPOQ that modulates adiponectin mRNA stability; the common C allele is associated with lower circulating adiponectin and higher type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk, while the minor T allele is protective for metabolic outcomes
Intronic enhancer variant in basonuclin-2 that increases YY1 binding and BNC2 expression, elevating susceptibility to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and predicting brace treatment failure
Intronic NUCB2 variant associated with type 2 diabetes risk in females and oral cancer progression in older males — the T allele modestly reduces nesfatin-1 signaling efficiency across metabolic and oncological contexts
Obesity GWAS locus in a conserved BDNF enhancer - reduces hypothalamic BDNF expression and satiety signaling, increasing caloric intake and BMI
Intronic upstream variant in FCGR2A that modulates surface expression of the FcγRIIa immune receptor on myeloid cells, altering IgG immune complex clearance efficiency and autoimmune susceptibility